Stephen Hawking essays

Stephen Hawking essays Many people think of science as a collection of facts and ideas about the world around us. But science is more than of how human beings have brought their individual strengths and weaknesses to the ever going struggle to learn more about our world. Stephen Hawking is one of the best-known and most admired scientists in the world today. His life and work have been featured in numerous newspaper and magazine articles, television documentaries, and even a movie. Part of Hawkings fame comes from his ability to use his imagination or intuition to see connections between seemingly unrelated ideas. He has combined the physical laws governing suns and galaxies with those governing the particles inside the atom. He has created a chain of thought that links events inside collapsing stars with the almost unimaginable explosion that, most scientists believe, began our universe about fifteen billion years ago (Boslough). In early 1942, Great Britain was in the third year of a bitter struggle for survival. England had been spared from invasion, but night after night, German bombers continued to pound London. Frank and Isobel Hawking were expecting their first child. The Hawkings were well-educated and talented. Both had attended the university at Oxford. The couple realized that London was an unsafe place to raise a child, and decided to move to Oxford which Germany had agreed not to bomb in return for the British not bombing Heidelberg and GÃ ¸ttingen. Stephen Hawking once noted that he was born on January the 8th, 1942, exactly three hundred years after the death of Galileo. World War Two changed the way people looked at scientists and their theories. Suddenly the incomprehensible ideas of physics had become very important. The laws of gravity and motion, discovered centuries earlier by Sir Isaac Newton, now enabled warring nations to aim and launch rockets and new jet airplanes that would soon break ...

Powers of Base Ten From Trillions to Trillionths

Powers of Base Ten From Trillions to Trillionths What do you call different powers of ten and what are their values? It can be confusing when you read about billions, and then suddenly shift to billionths. Lets take a look at the values and names of the powers of ten. What Does a Power Mean? Exponents and ScientificNotation Raising a number to a power means that you multiply it by itself. The number itself would be that number to the power of one. When you multiply it by itself, it is now that number to the power of two. The power is designated as an exponent with a small superscript number following the number itself. Ten is an easy number to visualize with powers, as you can think of the exponent number as being the number of zeros to put behind the one. Ten to the zero power is 10 divided by 10, or 1 with no zeroes behind it, which equals one. Ten to the second power is a 1 followed by two zeroes, or 100. When you divide a number by itself more than once, the power (or exponent) value is negative. A -1 power means you have divided a number by itself twice (10/10/10) and a -2 power means you have divided a number by itself three times (10/10/10/10). In the case of 10, since 10 to the zero power is one, it is easier to think of one being divided 10 in the increments shown in the exponent. Powers of Ten Trillions 1012 1,000,000,000,00010 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 1,000,000,000,000 Billions 109 1,000,000,00010 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 1,000,000,000 Millions 106 1,000,00010 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 1,000,000 Hundred Thousands 105 100,00010 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 100,000 Ten Thousands 104 10,00010 x 10 x 10 x 10 10,000 Thousands 103 1,00010 x 10 x 10 1,000 Hundreds 102 10010 x 10 100 Tens 101 10 Ones 100 1 Tenths 10-1 1/1 1 1/101/10 0.1 Hundredths 10-2 1/102 1/1001/10/10 0.01 Thousandths 10-3 1/103Â   1/10001 / 10 / 10 / 10 0.001 Ten Thousandths 10-4 1/104 1/10,0001 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 0.0001 Hundred Thousandths 10-5 1/105 1/100,0001 /10 /10 / 10 / 10 / 10 0.00001 Millionths 10-6 1/106 1/1,000,0001 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 0.000001 Billionths 10-9 1/109 1/1,000,000,0001 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 0.000000001 Trillionths 10-12 1/1012 1/1,000,000,000,0001 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 0.000000001 See more names of numbers that are powers of ten, including the octillion, googol, and googolplex. Lessons With Powers of Ten Powers of Ten Multiplication Worksheets: See worksheets you can use to practice multiplying two- and three-digit numbers by different powers of ten. These seven worksheet variations can be used to practice multiplication. Each sheet has 20 numbers and asks you to multiply them by 10, 100, 1000, 10,000 or 100,000. Edited by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

Statistics Canada, Lafour force surve of, Victoria, Bristish Essay

Statistics Canada, Lafour force surve of, Victoria, Bristish coloumbia, Canada - Essay Example Forestry, fishing, mining, quarying, oil and gas industry. In 2003 this industry was on the peak of the employment rates in B.C., before trade dispute between the Unites States and Canada took place. This trade dispute resulted in a drop in the price of lumber to the extremely low point and penalties imposing on shipment of Canadian lumber (Exports 2002). Some of the mills were closed and obviously had its impact on the employment in the B.C. Construction has shown employment growth tendency by 2005 and has achieved its lowest point in 2012 during the whole period from 2003-2013. Obviously, the growth in 2005 in this sector relates to doubling of housing starts in British Columbia, strength in building permits and investment in non-residential building (Labour Force Statistics 2004). Accommodation and food services sector has been a strong sector in the region during 2004-2005, however in 2005 there was observed continuous decline of the employment share in this sector. However, by 2006 this sector had one of the largest shares of the workforce even during its falling in 2006. Statistics Canada (2013). Table 282-0061 – Labour force survey estimates (LFS), employment by economic region and North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), annual (persons). Available at

M6A1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

M6A1 - Essay Example †¨Provide guidelines supported by evaluative tools, such as NPV, IRR, MIRR, payback, and breakeven analysis. †¨Identify the most appropriate methods for comparing projects of different sizes. It also takes knowledgeable accountants and actuaries who can actually predict the financial success or failure of a project based on financial information. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that the accountant understand the real costs and opportunity costs of any investments before decisions are made about where to invest and when to invest. Of course, one always wants to make sure that one is on the right side of the market. If it is a bear market, one wants to sell short. If it’s a bull market, one wants to invest in financial exploits which will benefit the company financially. and utilized efficiently by the operations management team. That is why it is so important that one make sure one sticks to a consistent plan that will help one be able to analyze the various ways that projects might be carried out. For this, one needs a reliable team—and the accountant is a linchpin in helping an organization decide how to best proceed with the plans that they are ready to carry out. Of course, working with such a team is an important part of ensuring the project is a financial success. projects is crucial. Everyone knows that good project management, therefore, makes certain that a budget is in place to deal with any problems that may come up. So, not only does the accountant want to provide the customer with adequate information about how well a projected project is going to succeed. It’s also of premier importance that there is some sort of consistency in the organization in terms of financial organization so that it can weather difficult times, such as in a lagging economy. There are several methods available for analyzing cash flow. According to Fabozzi and Peterson (2003), â€Å"Cash flows are evaluated using NPV†¦IRR, MIRR,

Test essay on whig reforms Essay Example for Free

Test essay on whig reforms Essay (a) Comment on the term Reforming to preserve in the context of the Whig reforms 1830-1841. The term Reforming to preserve means that the government needed to give the people some reform so as to stop them revolting. If they did this it would mean that the people would settle down because for the moment they were content. An example of this is where the government gives in to the will of the people and gives them some basic reforms. (b) Explain why there was opposition to Whig reforms in factories and education. The church opposed reform in education because reform would mean that the Church of England would no longer be in charge of all education. This meant that some schools would not teach the children that the Church of England was that important. When the Church of England was in charge of education, children learned that the church was the most important part of their life. The Church of England also feared that if other religions were able to run schools then more people would change their religion, and become for example Roman Catholic or Quaker. The middle class also opposed reform in education. This was because they felt that if working class people were allowed to be educated then that would make the working class the same as them on some level. The middle class used their education to further themselves in social circles, and if the working class had this as well then it would bring the working class up to the same level of education as the middle class, which was not in the interests of the middle class. There was opposition to reform in factories because at the moment wages were cheap because women were cheaper to employ then men, and children were even cheaper then women. There was also the danger that any change in the factory system could mean a downfall in output, which could have severe implications on the economy. (c) What factors influenced the Whig government in carrying out their programme of reforms 1830-1841? The Whig party itself had members who thought that reform was pragmatic and needed. The 1832 Reform Act was regarded by the Whigs as a final settlement and was done to preserve rather than escalate the situation. The Whig motivation for reform came from a belief that the duty of the government brought a responsibility to try to improve social problems. The Whigs also may have used the issue of reform to get the people on their side. At the time there were a lot of disturbances and the government thought that if they introduced reform then that would calm the situation down. The major force behind the implementation of the reforms of the 1830s were a group of politicians whose main test of any government was its accountability and efficiency. Leading Utilitarians such as Edwin Chadwick were on many of the commissions set up by the government. This group did have an impact on the Whig government in the 1830s. There were also a number of pressure groups trying to influence the government. The main two were the Humanitarians who were a cross-party group of individuals committed to the improvement of working conditions, especially in the mines and factories. By the 1830s the full scale of industrialisation had produced terrible working conditions, especially in the textile industries, and this pressure group demanded basic human rights such as a ten-hour day for adults. Closely linked to the Humanitarian group were the Evangelicals. They took a religious and moral interest in social conditions. William Wilberforce was the leader of this party and he had support from all parties because of his moral standpoint.

Who I am hates who Ive been :: essays research papers

Just Another Face in the Crowd On September 26, 2004, I went to visit my uncle in Powder Springs, Georgia. I had gotten into some trouble at home and needed a place to get away for a few weeks. As time passed, those few weeks turned into five months and my get away destination turned into the place I now call home. I never thought when I went for a visit that I would live there permanently. It never crossed my mind that moving was probably the smartest decision that I have ever made. Before I moved to Georgia, I was perfectly content to wait tables for the rest of my life. As long as I had enough money to keep up with my cell phone bill, pay for my tanning membership each month, and buy a new pair of jeans every now and then I was happy. My childhood dreams of becoming a dancer or a doctor had somehow been pushed to the back of my mind. I was an expert at giving my parents one hundred and one logical reasons why I did not need to go to college, or get a better paying job. I lacked ambition and the desire to be anything more than the people I was around everyday. All of that changed when I moved to Georgia. Instead of being surrounded by people content with just getting by, I was surrounded by hard- working, ambitious people. Instead of living for the moment, they work today and plan for tomorrow. Being around these people as caused me to want more from life than to just survive. I want to thrive. I had lived in Florida ever since I was two years old. By the time I was seventeen I knew enough people to feel secure with my circle of friends. I never felt the need to reach out and make new friends. I felt safe with the group I had been with for so long, and besides, making new friends took to much effort. Moving to a completely different state completely altered my way of thinking. I was faced with a choice. I could either keep to myself and not make any friends or I could step out and be a friend to people I had never met before. I had never liked being alone so I chose to step out and the results were rewarding.

Finance Report ASOS ESSAY

With a rate much higher than the sis free rate of return (4%) investors are likely to invest in the company (risk Free Rate Of Return Definition I Investigated', 2003). Return on sales Return on sales (ROSS) stands at 8. 59% in 2008 and stays fairly consistent through to 2009. In 201 0 it increases marginally by 0. 68% to 9. 11%, however falls to 6. 30% by 2012. The target Return on sales is often around 10% dependent on the type of industry, so SASS falls below the target. However SASS have a high sales volume, which does not necessarily mean a low ROCK (France, 2013).The year preceding August 2013 they received 19,372 orders; a 43% increase on the previous year. (Sass ply. Results & reports, 2013) Gross Margin % The gross profit margin in 2008 showed a pleasing 46%; however between 2008-2011 there is a continuous downfall, with a decrease of 7. 23% over the 3 years. Although this increased by 12. 4% in 201 2, the 7. 23% fall in gross profit could potentially be catastrophic for a c ompany with low ROSS. However this could be due to a change in the price of raw materials or selling prices. (France, 201 3) Liquidity and gearing Sass' current ratio is always between 1. 5-1. 56:1. However they have not borrowed any money over the 5 year period, so carry a low risk to investors. Therefore even though they are not at the ideal ratio of , they have not borrowed any money; indicating they have good short-term financial strength (LetsLearnFinanceFinance in Simple Terms, 2011) Activity Debtor turnover began at 8 days in 2008, however made a vast improvement in 2009 falling to 2 days and then from 2010-2012 remained at 1 day. Creditor turnover days began at 68 days in 2012 which is fairly high, however this creased to 42 days in 2012.This suggests that SASS have good credit control and a low risk of bad debts as their debtor turnover is always at least 40 days less than their creditor days. (France, 201 3) Stock turnover has increased from 98 days to 121 days from 2008-2 012 and remains fairly consistent throughout. However due to the seasonal nature of the industry with fashions changing regularly, they should try to decrease their stock turnover days. Employee Ratios Sales per employee started at a commendable IEEE,477 and despite falling y EYE,801 between 2008-2012, increased to IEEE,835 by 2012.This totals El 27,358 increase in sales per employee over the 5 year period. Profit per employee remains consistent throughout, ranging between EYE,058-EYE,557; an exception being 2011 where it drops drastically to EYE,212. This correlates with the low profit margins and return on sales for the year. Growth ratios From 2008-2009 sales increased by 104% as they entered the market, most likely due to promotion. However the following year it dropped 69% and then increased a steady 1 1 % over the next two years.The operating profit was 100% after the first year and dropped dramatically to -22% in 2011 resulting in a loss. However this was recovered by 2012 wi th a 96% growth. To remain sustainable they must try and keep their growth rates consistent. Conclusion The company appears stable due to their good cash flow. They have a low risk to investors, with high potential returns. SASS have no gearing, which gives them the potential to expand in the future to remain competitive in such a tough industry. If they were to borrow this would also improve the company's current ratio.

Rommel and Eisenhower

Complexity Within Simplicity The battle itself took the duration of a few days but was one of the most intense and fearsome battles in all of WWII. It took place in North Africa between the Allies (British + Americans) and the Axis (German+ Italian) powers. The battle was called the Battle of El Alamein and it held a high significance since it took place in Alam el Halfa, which is next to the Suez Canal that was the Allies’ main means of transporting and receiving food.This was essentially a last stand for the allies as the German-Italian forces kept advancing and conquering and showed no signs of stopping until all of Africa was under their control. However, they were stopped by the by two major generals- Eisenhower and Montgomery who led the allies to victory in North Africa. Though the battle itself was fierce, it was the military tactics and mentalities of Erwin Rommel, Dwight Eisenhower, and Bernard Montgomery that made it so interesting and complex. Bernard Montgomery wa s put in charge of the Eighth Army, while the main general in command for the Allies was Dwight Eisenhower.Winston Churchill assigned them both their positions. On the 30 of August 1942, Erwin Rommel (the German Commander) attacked the Eighth Army at Alam el Halfa (â€Å"The Battle of El Alamein†). The battle consisted of mostly soldiers from Germans and Italians versus the British and the Americans. It was crucial for the Allies to hold their position at Alam el Halfa because that was where the Suez Canal was located. (The Suez Canal was the supply route for the Allies so if they lost their foothold over it, they would have lost their supplies and the last firm grasp that they had in the continent of North Africa.Also, it would become extremely tough for them to regain after losing it and still be able to push back the Germans, â€Å"The Battle of El Alamein†). The Allies likewise followed the same strategy-to cut off the German supply route (â€Å"The Battle of El A lamein†). The Allies withstood the attack and fortified their defenses. They increased their army size and weaponry (tanks) and soon the German men were outnumbered 110,000 to 200,000 and their tanks outnumbered 500 to 1,0000 (â€Å"The Battle of El Alamein†). Despite the outnumbered battalions, Rommel stood and fought.Being a high-prestige, high ranked Field Marshall, Rommel understood how battles worked. After all, the road to his rank of Field Marshall was not easy. Rommel first took part in battle during WWI against the Italians. One of his most famous achievements was on Lucia Savogna road, In Italy. It was indeed a remarkable feat. Rommel and his men had been marching and quickly conquering their way into parts of Italy and destroying any resistance that came with it. After cutting deep into Italy, and stopping at a village named Luico, his army decided to rest briefly and let the rest of the army units and reinforcements catch up.Then, one of the men spotted some thing in the distance moving towards them. Rommel told one of his men to check out the surrounding sight. After checking, he told Rommel that several resistance forces of the Italian military were on their way towards them. Rommel quickly spread this information with all of his soldiers and told them to prepare for battle. Though Rommel’s men only numbered to about 150, Rommel knew he had to stand. It was a huge gamble at the time because had they lost the battle, Rommel’s campaign would’ve ended and the remaining reinforcements that were on their way, also would’ve been destroyed.However, Rommel took the gamble, and positioned machine guns around the site of the battle, and ordered his men to shoot on his cue. After the Italian army (numbering to about 2,000 men) arrived. A messenger was sent to Rommel to reconsider his decision and stand down. However, Rommel refused to do such a thing. Soon after, Rommel blew his whistle and opened fire. Within minutes , the Italian resistance had been disintegrated and crushed. Rommel’s enemy had lost their entire army to an army less than one-tenth of their size (SHOWALTER, DENNIS. â€Å"What Made Rommel ROMMEL†).Rommel’s decision had been a huge gamble but being the intelligent leader that he was, he understood the importance of winning and how he needed to win the battle at any cost. During the battle of El Alamein, Rommel’s army had pushed the allies to near defeat: conquering most of North Africa, then proceeding to expel the allies from Africa by cutting off their supply line from the Suez Canal, near El Alamein. Rommel’s favorite attack strategy for most battles was a sort of entrapment. He would create a hollow circle with his battalions and leave the center of the circle open.In this manner, he would fool his enemies into landing into the center, and fighting outwards. Most of Rommel’s enemies figured that Rommel wouldn’t suspect such an a ttack, but in reality, this would be Rommel’s plan all along (Paris, Michael. â€Å"El Alamein, The People's Battle). After landing in the center of the circle, Rommel would encircle his enemy with his forces and crush them. Rommel had planned to use this method of entrapment against the allies at the battle of El Alamein. However, General Montgomery and Eisenhower, the two main generals in charge of the battle of El Alamein during WWII were well aware of Rommel’s strategy.When Rommel had formed his circle to bait the allies into landing in the center, Montgomery and Eisenhower planned to put fake tanks in the center- to counter-bait Rommel and fool him into thinking that there is a legitimate army force located in the center. Ike and Monty (Eisenhower and Montgomery’s nicknames, Heydt, Bruce. â€Å"The General And The Field Marshal†) planned on attacking the north end of the circle after Rommel command a large number of his forces to attack the fake tan ks located in the center (Paris, Michael. El Alamein, The People's Battle†) Sure enough, the plan had worked. After several days of fighting, Rommel’s Afrika Korps were annihilated and Rommel had fled Africa, leaving his position as Field Marshall of the German Army and suddenly going on a sick leave right before the end of his campaign. (Temple, Truman †Erwin Rommel's Last Offensive In North Africa Ended With A Whimper At Medenine†). Though Eisenhower and Montgomery developed the attack plan, they greatly disliked each other.Montgomery claimed to a reporter before a battle: â€Å"I liked Eisenhower, but I could not stand him about the place for long; his high-pitched accent, and loud talking, would drive me mad. I should say he was good probably on the political line; but he obviously knows nothing whatever about fighting† (Heydt, Bruce. â€Å"The General And The Field Marshal†) He showed his disrespect throughout the war towards Eisenhower wh o also disliked him. On one event, Montgomery told an American reporter: â€Å" I’m sorry for coming late, but I really shouldn’t have come at all. Eisenhower was infuriated by his remark. Eisenhower remarked, â€Å"Montgomery is a skilled and successive general, but very conceited† (Heydt, Bruce. â€Å"The General And The Field Marshal†) Even after the battle of El Alamein, the two refused to get along, but cooperated during the war solely for the good of their own countries. The battle of El Alamein was a huge turning point in WWII. It was the first major victory claimed by the allies who had been being continuously pushed back by the Axis during the previous battles (â€Å"The Battle of El Alamein†).Rommel, the â€Å"Desert Fox† (because of his sneaky and surprising strategies that often shocked his opponents, â€Å"The Battle of El Alamein â€Å") had proved to be a worthy opponent during the war, due to his high-caliber strategies an d his intimidating, risk-taking nature. And the battle itself was consisted of major generals who could not get along but managed to pull together for the sake of the allies. El Alamein was truly a great battle, it was not simply just about which side had the greater number of arms and men, but more about matching and complying with the strategy and mentality of the opponent.

Franz Josef Haydn essays

Franz Josef Haydn essays Franz Josef Haydn was born on March 31 1732, in Rohrau, a village in Austria near the boarder of Hungary. Music was like an instinct for Franz Josef. During the evening Mathias (father) would play the harp, Elizabeth (mother) would sing, as the children sat at their feet and listened. Of these younger Haydns, Franz Josef was most affected by the music he heard, and most clearly showed musical ability. When his father discovered him one day, sitting outside the schoolhouse and pretended to play the violin by scraping two sticks of wood together, he wanted to give his boy the best music training as possible. So he got his relative, Johann Mathias Franklin, a choirmaster, who would teach the boy of six the violin and harpsichord. Hayden later recalled that he received more blows than victuals from his teacher. Haydn composed his first string quartet in 1755 on the encouragement of a musical amateur, von Furnberg who conducted chamber music performances at his home. At this time Hayden married Maria Anna Keller, daughter of a wig-maker. This was an ill-fated marriage. She was not interested in her husbands art, frequently using his manuscripts as curling papers. There were endless fights. The couple lived together several unhappy years, and then separated forever. Hayden supplied her with a generous income until the end of his life in 1809. The song that I listened to was symphony number 97 in C Major. It starts like it is a bad, dark place but then it changes into a light beautiful place. The song makes me feel happy and joy filled. It is really upbeat and it makes me think of summer and warm sunny days. Some parts get really soft and then they get low, alarming, and loud. My favorite part is in the ending when it goes real high then low then high again and then holds a long low note. I really enjoyed this song and I like dancing to it. ...

Using Compound Prepositions in Spanish Sample Sentences

Using Compound Prepositions in Spanish Sample Sentences As explained with our list of compound prepositions, it is common in Spanish for a phrase to function in much the same way as a simple preposition, showing the relationship between a noun (or a related type of word, such as a pronoun or an infinitive acting as a noun) and another part of a sentence. Here are some examples of these types of phrases in action; the prepositional phrases and their English translations (other translations are often possible) are in boldface:  ¿Matarà ­as a cambio de mucho dinero? Would you kill in exchange for a lot of money? El actor fallecià ³ a los 90 aà ±os a causa de una paro cardiaco. The actor died at 90 years of age because of a heart stoppage. Tenemos muchas cuestiones acerca de las tecnologà ­as nuevas. We have many questions about the new technologies. Los valores humanos y à ©ticos son sacrificados a fin de ganar votos. Human values and ethics are sacrificed in order to win votes. Esto no significa que antes de los noventas no existiera este formato de negocios. This doesnt mean that before the 90s this way of doing business didnt exist. A pesar de todo voy a dormirme con una inmensa sonrisa. Despite everything, Im going to fall asleep with a huge smile. Llega al mercado un teclado a prueba de agua. A waterproof keyboard arrives on the market. Un hombre de 50 aà ±os est a punto de ser desahuciado de su vivienda. A 50-year-old man is on the verge of being evicted from his dwelling. Cerca de mi casa aparecià ³ un buho. An owl showed up near my home. Arabia Saudita derribar aviones israelà ­pes con rumbo a Irn. Saudi Arabia will shoot down Israeli airplanes en route to Iran. Lesotho es el à ºnico paà ­s africano que est dentro de otro. Lesotho is the only African country that is inside of another. Infà ³rmate sobre la preparacià ³n en caso de desastres y emergencias. Get informed about preparation in case of disasters and emergencies. No pongas los pies encima de la mesa. Dont put your feet on top of the table. Hay muchas cosas que puedes hacer en vez de estudiar. There are many things you can do instead of studying. Creo que es la primera vez que alguien fuera de mi familia me ha dicho esto. I think it is the first time anyone outside of my family has told me this. El hotel est mal ubicado lejos de la playa en medio de nada. The hotel is poorly situated far from the beach in the middle of nothing.

Palliative Care for Aboriginal People Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Palliative Care for Aboriginal People - Essay Example The core purpose of palliative care is to alleviate physical, psychological and social distress so that improves the quality of life of individuals and their families facing the problems associated with life-limiting illness. In addition, it involves the family and in most cases extends to the involvement of the community. This aspect of palliative care raises the question of cultural influences to the effectiveness or defectiveness of the whole process in this multicultural country(Elliott, Aitken & Chaboyer, 2011). It is, therefore, imperative that nurses provide spiritual and cultural care for individuals and their family receiving palliative care through the application of spiritual and cultural competent nursing care principles (Elliott, Aitken & Chaboyer, 2011). The discussion will focus on Aboriginal and Torres Islander people spiritual and cultural care in relation to palliation. To grasp the sensitivity of palliative care to the Aboriginal people, one has to understand the u nderlying factors that precipitated their alienation from the rest of the Australian populations. Over 20% of the Aboriginal population lives in very remote areas (100 kilometres from a health centre). This Aboriginal population has the highest death rate in Australia especially for people between the ages of 25-45. What is worse if the fact that the current health system does not recognize most of the ailments this population faces as fatal. With the arrival of the Europeans came the arrival of chronic illnesses such as Hypertension, diabetes, stroke and a myriad of heart diseases (Austin Health, 2006). In addition, the past experience of Aboriginal people, especially the experience of the Stolen Generations result in the fact that most Aboriginal people do not trust government institutions and this creates a barrier between them and healthcare givers (Austin Health, 2006). The vulnerability of these populations makes it very imperative that they receive spiritually and culturally appropriate care. Cultural beliefs and traditions relating to death and dying in Aboriginal Communities: The Dreamtime is the ultimate spiritual and cultural guide to these people. It influences social systems, myths, punishment and reward, life, death and health. Specific to palliative care, Dreamtime makes the people view death as an ominous mythical secret. Furthermore, Dreamtime influences communication style, decision making and consenting, gender and kinship relations and role of elders in the community that are very crucial factors in palliative care for the Indigenous people. The Indigenous population favours a â€Å"homely demise† this is to say that they prefer to die in the confines of their community. Aside from the fact that the Indigenous population favours a â€Å"homely demise†, there is the issue of ceremonies that are very important to them, even those who predominantly practice Christianity. According to a study done by McGrath and Phillips (2008) th e most popular and dominantly held practices include: The smoking ceremony; an elder smokes the house, room or car where the individual frequented to helps the spirit of the dead person pass on to the other side. The second one is marking the house of the deceased with red ochre that also releases the spirit of the dead person and releases it into the other world (spirit world). There is also dancing, singing and decorating of the house using flowers to ensure that the spirit of dead person gets a heartfelt send